Field Pocket Guide

Signals & Switches

Digital electronics is built from just two things — a 1 and a 0, carried as a high or low voltage. This is a working bench for the fundamentals: shape a clock, stream a byte, ride a HART frame on a 4–20 mA loop, bias a diode the wrong way, energize a relay — and watch every output respond in real time.

1 = 5 Vlogic high
0 = 0 Vlogic low
f = 1/tpfreq · period
0.7 Vdiode drop
±0.5 mAhart fsk
12live modules